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practice theory
Practice theory is a theory of how social beings, with their diverse motives and their diverse intentions, make and transform the world in which they live. It is a dialectic between social structure and human agency working back and forth in a dynamic relationship 〔Dougherty, Elizabeth. “The Balance of Practice.” (2004). Elizabeth Dougherty, Left Brain: Right Brain. 25 Feb. 2010. Web. http://www.elizd.com/website-LeftBrain/essays/practice.html〕
Practice theory, as outlined by Sherry Ortner,〔Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power and the Acting〕 "seeks to explain the relationship(s) that obtain between human action, on the one hand, and some global entity which we call 'the system' on the other."
The approach seeks to resolve the antinomy between traditional structuralist approaches and approaches such as methodological individualism which attempted to explain all social phenomena in terms of individual actions.〔(Anthro Base, article on Practice Theory )〕
== Pierre Bourdieu ==
Practice theory is strongly associated with the French theorist and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. His concept of habitus represents an important formulation of the principles of practice theory.〔Pascalian Meditations, Polity, 2000. see chapter 4 especially〕 Bourdieu developed the notion of ‘habitus’ to capture ‘the permanent internalisation of the social order in the human body’. His book, 'Outline of a Theory of Practice', which is based on his work in Algeria during the Algerian War of Independence is an example of Bourdieu's formulation of practice theory applied to empirical data gathered through ethnography.〔Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Univ Press, 1977〕 Several works of his are considered classics, not only in sociology, but also in anthropology, education, and cultural studies. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (La Distinction) was named as one of the 20th century's ten most important works of sociology by the International Sociological Association.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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